Summary Purpose Objective to investigate the clinical efficacy of Budesonide aerosol inhalation and vitamin A oral solution in the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Method Methods our hospital from June 2014 to May 2017 in neonatal department, gestational age of less than 34 weeks, birth weight < 1500g, birth 6h occurred in 40 cases of premature infants ARDS, were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The observation group male 11 cases, female 9 cases, patients who received budesonide in the conventional treatment based on the suspension liquid oxygen nebulizer inhalation therapy, treatment for 2 courses, 7 days in each course; at the same time, oral vitamin A1500IU / time, 1 times per day for 1 weeks. Blood gas analysis were compared between the two groups, the incidence rate of weight BPD.Result The two groups before treatment, blood gas indexes PO2, PCO2 and weight was statistically significant (P < 0.05. after 2 weeks of treatment, two groups of PCO2 decreased, PO2 increased, weight has improved significantly, the changes in the observation group were greater. The index of blood gas and weight after treatment in the two groups were statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The observation group total oxygen time significantly shortened, p=0.028, the incidence rate of BPD decreased significantly, p=0.038, without the side effects of treatment may occur that.Conclusion The incidence of ARDS in preterm infants, given budesonide suspension liquid oxygen nebulizer inhalation combined with vitamin A treatment, can significantly improve the blood gas index, increase the weight growth rate, shorten the time of oxygen inhalation, reduce the incidence of BPD.