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基于奥马哈系统的康复护理在老年痴呆伴吞咽障碍患者中的康复效果

廖春梅,古惠梅,张绮雯,谢惠娟,罗玉玲

* 通信作者：罗玉玲 单位：广东省佛山市第三人民医院（佛山市精神卫生中心） 528000

摘要

[摘要]：
目的探讨基于奥马哈系统的康复护理在老年痴呆伴吞咽障碍患者的康复效果。

方法采用简单随机抽样法将佛山市第三人民医院神经内科和老年科2023年3月～2024年3月接收的老年痴呆合并吞咽功能障碍患者100例随机分为对照组与研究组。对照组给予吞咽功能训练联合摄食训练，研究组采用基于奥马哈系统的康复护理，均干预6周。采用中文版吞咽功能评估量表(GUSS）、简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）、工具日常生活能力评估量表（IADL）、痴呆患者生活质量量表（QOL-AD）、汉密顿抑郁量表24项（HAMD - 24）及汉密尔顿焦虑量表14项（HAMA - 14）在干预前后分别评价患者的吞咽功能、认知功能、日常生活功能、生活质量、抑郁程度、焦虑程度。

结果研究组干预后的GUSS量表的间接吞咽功能、直接吞咽功能及总分高于对照组同期，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；研究组干预后的MMSE量表、IADL量表及QOL-AD量表得分均高于对照组同期，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；研究组干预后的HAMD – 24及HAMA – 14量表得分均低于对照组同期，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。

结论基于奥马哈系统的康复护理能有效提升老年痴呆伴吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能及认知功能，提高日常生活功能与生活质量，减轻焦虑与抑郁程度，为患者提供了有效的支持。

关键词： 奥马哈系统；痴呆；吞咽障碍；康复

ABSTRACT

[Abstract] :
Objective To explore the efficacy of rehabilitation nursing based on Omaha system in elderly dementia with dysphagia patients .

Methods A total of 100 patients with senile dementia combined with swallowing dysfunction admitted to the Department of Neurology and Department of Gerontology of the Third People's Hospital of Foshan from March 2023 to March 2024 were randomly divided into the control group and the study group by simple random sampling method. The control group were given swallowing function training combined with feeding training, and the study group werer given rehabilitation nursing based on the Omaha system, all of which were intervened for 6 weeks. The Chinese Swallowing Function Assessment Scale (GUSS), Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), Instrumental Daily Living Ability Assessment Scale (IADL), Quality of Life in Alzheimer’s Disease (QOL-AD), Hamilton depression scale 24 - item (HAMD-24) and Hamilton anxiety 14 - item (HAMA -14 ) were used evaluated the swallowing function, cognitive function, daily living function, quality of life, depression degree and anxiety degree in the patients before and after the intervention.

Results The indirect swallowing function, direct swallowing function and total score of GUSS scale in the study group after intervention were higher than that in the control groupduring the same period, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of MMSE, IADL and QOL-AD in the study group were higher than that in the control group during the same period, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of HAMD-24 and HAMA-14 scales in the study group after intervention were lower than that in the control group during the same period, and the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05).

Conclusion s Rehabilitation nursing based on Omaha system can effectively improve the swallowing function and cognitive function, improve the function of daily living and quality of life, reduce the degree of anxiety and depression, and provide effective support for patients with Alzheimer's disease and dysphagia disorder.

Key words: Omaha system; Dementia; Dysphagia; rehabilitation

引用本文 / How to Cite This Article

廖春梅,古惠梅,张绮雯,谢惠娟,罗玉玲.基于奥马哈系统的康复护理在老年痴呆伴吞咽障碍患者中的康复效果[J]. 国际精神病学杂志, 2026, 53(2): 626-630

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