摘要

目的：探讨注意缺陷多动障碍（Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,ADHD）患儿的心理行为特征，并分析有效的治疗措施，为临床治疗干预提供科学依据。

方法：纳入2024年6月至2025年6月期间长沙市第四医院收治的72例ADHD患儿作为研究对象，应用Rutter儿童行为量表（Rutter's Child Behavior Scale,Rutter）调查患儿的心理行为特征。以随机数字表法将ADHD患儿分为n=36的对照组（常规药物治疗）与观察组（药物+心理治疗）。比较两组疗效，评估注意力缺陷多动障碍评定量表（Swanson, Nolan and Pelham-Ⅳ rating scales 26，SNAP26）、康纳尔父母量表（Conners’ Parent Rating Scales,Conners）、Weiss功能缺陷评定量表（Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scales,Weiss）、韦氏智力量表（Wechsler Intelligence Scale,WISC）治疗前与治疗后3个月的变化情况。

结果：72例ADHD患儿中，动作缓慢（94.44%）、粗心（95.83%）、不能长期静坐（90.28%）、非常不安（86.11%）、常破坏东西（88.89%）等行为发生率较高。治疗后3个月，观察组总有效率（94.44%）显著高于对照组（77.78%）（P<0.05）。两组SNAP26、Conners、Weiss 缺陷量表及WISC评分均较治疗前改善，且观察组各维度改善幅度均大于对照组（P<0.05）。

结论：ADHD患儿多伴有动作缓慢、不安、独自待着、不能长期静坐等心理行为特征，在药物治疗基础上联合行为矫正、认知训练等心理干预措施，有利于改善患儿的行为表现与认知功能，提升其社会适应能力，促进患儿全面发展。

关键词：注意缺陷多动障碍；心理行为特征；治疗措施；心理干预；社会适应能力

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the psychological and behavioral characteristics of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and analyze effective treatment measures to provide scientific basis for clinical intervention.

Methods: 72 children with ADHD admitted to the Fourth Hospital of Changsha from June 2024 to June 2025 were included as the research subjects, and the psychological and behavioral characteristics of the children were investigated using the Rutter's Child Behavior Scale (Rutter). Children with ADHD were randomly divided into a control group (conventional medication treatment) and an observation group (medication+psychological treatment) with n=36 using a random number table method. Compare the efficacy of two groups and evaluate the changes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder rating scales (Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham IV rating scales 26, SNAP26), Conners' Parent Rating Scales (Conners), Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scales (Weiss), and Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC) before and 3 months after treatment.

Results: Among the 72 children with ADHD, the incidence of behaviors such as slow movement (94.44%), carelessness (95.83%), inability to sit still for a long time (90.28%), extreme anxiety (86.11%), and frequent destruction of things (88.89%) were relatively high. After 3 months of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group (94.44%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (77.78%) (P<0.05). Both groups of SNAP26, Conners, Weiss defect scales, and WISC scores improved compared to before treatment, and the improvement in all dimensions in the observation group was greater than that in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusion  : Children with ADHD often have psychological and behavioral characteristics such as slow movement, anxiety, being alone, and inability to sit still for a long time. Combining behavioral correction, cognitive training, and other psychological interventions with medication treatment is beneficial for improving children's behavioral performance and cognitive function, enhancing their social adaptation ability, and promoting their comprehensive development.

Key words: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Psychological and behavioral characteristics; Treatment measures; Psychological intervention; Social adaptability